Digital Twinning in Smart Grid Networks: Interplay, Resource Allocation and Use Cases

Motivated by climate change, increasing industrialization and energy reliability concerns, the smart grid is set to revolutionize traditional power systems. Moreover, the exponential annual rise in number of grid-connected users and emerging key players e.g. electric vehicles strain the limited radio resources, which stresses the need for novel and scalable resource management techniques. Digital twin is a cutting-edge virtualization technology that has shown great potential by offering solutions for inherent bottlenecks in traditional wireless networks. In this article, we set the stage for various roles digital twinning can fulfill by optimizing congested radio resources in a proactive and resilient smart grid. Digital twins can help smart grid networks through real-time monitoring, advanced precise modeling and efficient radio resource allocation for normal operations and service restoration following unexpected events. However, reliable real-time communications, intricate abstraction abilities, interoperability with other smart grid technologies, robust computing capabilities and resilient security schemes are some open challenges for future work on digital twins.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

A Quality of Service Driven Approach for Clustering in Mobile Ad hoc Networks Based on Metrics Adaptation: Looking Beyond Clustering

Recently, research topics are focusing on clustering approaches for Ad hoc networks due to their effectiveness in building a virtual backbone formed by a set of suitableclusterheads (CH) to guarantee the communications acrossclusters. In this paper, we propose a clustering approach to elect suitable nodes’ representatives and to store minimum topology information by reducing the propagation of routing information which facilitates the spatial reuse of resource and increase the system capacity. The clusters must adapt dynamically to the environment changes, we also propose a distributed maintenance procedure that allows managing nodes’ adhesion, nodes’ handoff and CHs’ re-election. Based on our analytical model used to estimate the quality of service (QoS) parameters, we implement an admission control algorithm to determine the number of members inside a cluster that can be accommodated while satisfying the constraints imposed by the current applications. This might effectively drive congestion avoidance on the CH andinterclusters load-balancing to achieve better network resource utilization. The obtained results will help us to readjust the clustering algorithm metrics in order to provide better maintenance and QoS guarantees depending on the used applications. Through numerical analysis and simulations, we have studied the performance of our model and compared it with that of other existing algorithms. The results demonstrate better performance in terms of number of clusters, number of handoffs, number of transitions (state change) on CHs, QoS parameters, load balancing and scalability. We also observed how the connectivity and the stability are maximized when the number of nodes increases in presence of the mobility

GLOBAL APPROACH OF CHANNEL MODELING IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS INCLUDING SECOND ORDER STATISTICS AND SYSTEM PERFORMANCES ANALYSIS

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are very difficult to design in terms of scenarios specification and propagation modeling. All these aspects must be taken into account when designing MANET. For cost-effective designing, powerful and accurate simulation tools are needed. Our first contribution in this paper is to provide a global approach process (GAP) in channel modeling combining scenarios and propagation in order to have a better analysis of the physical layer, and finally to improve performances of the whole network. The GAP is implemented in an integrated simulation tool, Ad-SMPro. Moreover, channel statistics, throughput and delay are some key points to be considered when studying a mobile wireless networks. A carefully analysis of mobility effects over second order channel statistics and system performances is made based on our optimized simulation tool, Ad-SMProl. The channel is modeled by large scale fading and small scale fading including Doppler spectrum due to the double mobility of the nodes. Level Cross Rate and Average Duration of Fade are simulated as function of double mobility degree, a defined to be the ratio of the nodes' speeds. These results are compared to the theoretical predictions. We demonstrate that, in mobile ad hoc networks, flat fading channels and frequency-selective fading channels are differently affected. In addition, Bit Error rate is analysed as function of the ratio of the average bit energy to thermal noise density. Other performances (such as throughput, delay and routing traffic) are analysed and conclusions related to the proposed simulation model and the mobility effects are drawn